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Linux-Foundation CKS Exam Questions

Linux-Foundation CKS Exam Questions Answers

Certified Kubernetes Security Specialist (CKS)

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  Updated 06, 30,2026
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Linux-Foundation CKS Practice Test Questions ( Updated) – Real Exam Questions & Dumps PDF

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Linux-Foundation CKS Sample Questions – Free Practice Test & Real Exam Prep

Question #1

You can switch the cluster/configuration context using the following command: [desk@cli] $ kubectl config use-context test-account Task: Enable audit logs in the cluster. To do so, enable the log backend, and ensure that: 1. logs are stored at /var/log/Kubernetes/logs.txt 2. log files are retained for 5 days 3. at maximum, a number of 10 old audit log files are retained A basic policy is provided at /etc/Kubernetes/logpolicy/audit-policy.yaml. It only specifies what not to log. Note: The base policy is located on the cluster's master node. Edit and extend the basic policy to log: 1. Nodes changes at RequestResponse level 2. The request body of persistentvolumes changes in the namespace frontend 3. ConfigMap and Secret changes in all namespaces at the Metadata level Also, add a catch-all rule to log all other requests at the Metadata leve Note: Don't forget to apply the modified policy.

Answer: See the explanation below Explanation: $ vim /etc/kubernetes/log-policy/audit-policy.yaml uk.co.certification.simulator.questionpool.PList@11602760 $ vim /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yamlAdd these uk.co.certification.simulator.questionpool.PList@11602c70 - --audit-log-maxbackup=10 Explanation[desk@cli] $ ssh master1[master1@cli] $ vim /etc/kubernetes/log-policy/auditpolicy.yaml apiVersion: audit.k8s.io/v1 # This is required. kind: Policy # Don't generate audit events for all requests in RequestReceived stage. omitStages: - "RequestReceived" rules: # Don't log watch requests by the "system:kube-proxy" on endpoints or services - level: None users: ["system:kube-proxy"] verbs: ["watch"] resources: - group: "" # core API group resources: ["endpoints", "services"] # Don't log authenticated requests to certain non-resource URL paths. - level: None userGroups: ["system:authenticated"] nonResourceURLs: - "/api*" # Wildcard matching. - "/version" # Add your changes below - level: RequestResponse userGroups: ["system:nodes"] # Block for nodes - level: Request resources: - group: "" # core API group resources: ["persistentvolumes"] # Block for persistentvolumes namespaces: ["frontend"] # Block for persistentvolumes of frontend ns - level: Metadata Linux Foundation CKS : Practice Test 60 resources: - group: "" # core API group resources: ["configmaps", "secrets"] # Block for configmaps & secrets - level: Metadata # Block for everything else [master1@cli] $ vim /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: annotations: kubeadm.kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver.advertise-address.endpoint: 10.0.0.5:6443 labels: component: kube-apiserver tier: control-plane name: kube-apiserver namespace: kube-system spec: containers: - command: - kube-apiserver - --advertise-address=10.0.0.5 - --allow-privileged=true - --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC - --audit-policy-file=/etc/kubernetes/log-policy/audit-policy.yaml #Add this - --audit-log-path=/var/log/kubernetes/logs.txt #Add this - --audit-log-maxage=5 #Add this - --audit-log-maxbackup=10 #Add this output truncated 
Question #2

Create a PSP that will prevent the creation of privileged pods in the namespace. Create a new PodSecurityPolicy named prevent-privileged-policy which prevents the creation of privileged pods. Create a new ServiceAccount named psp-sa in the namespace default. Create a new ClusterRole named prevent-role, which uses the newly created Pod Security Policy prevent-privileged-policy. Create a new ClusterRoleBinding named prevent-role-binding, which binds the created ClusterRole prevent-role to the created SA psp-sa. Also, Check the Configuration is working or not by trying to Create a Privileged pod, it should get failed. 

Answer: See the Explanation below.   Explanation:
Create a PSP that will prevent the creation of privileged pods in the namespace.
$ cat clusterrole-use-privileged.yaml
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
name: use-privileged-psp
rules:
- apiGroups: ['policy']
resources: ['podsecuritypolicies']
verbs: ['use']
resourceNames:
- default-psp
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
name: privileged-role-bind
namespace: psp-test
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: use-privileged-psp
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: privileged-sa
$ kubectl -n psp-test apply -f clusterrole-use-privileged.yaml
After a few moments, the privileged Pod should be created.
Create a new PodSecurityPolicy named prevent-privileged-policy which prevents
the creation of privileged pods.
apiVersion: policy/v1beta1
kind: PodSecurityPolicy
metadata:
name: example
spec:
privileged: false # Don't allow privileged pods!
# The rest fills in some required fields.
seLinux:
rule: RunAsAny
supplementalGroups:
rule: RunAsAny
runAsUser:
rule: RunAsAny
fsGroup:
Linux Foundation CKS : Practice Test
49
rule: RunAsAny
volumes:
- '*'
And create it with kubectl:
kubectl-admin create -f example-psp.yaml
Now, as the unprivileged user, try to create a simple pod:
kubectl-user create -f- <<EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: pause
spec:
containers:
- name: pause
image: k8s.gcr.io/pause
EOF
The output is similar to this:
Error from server (Forbidden): error when creating "STDIN": pods "pause" is forbidden:
unable to validate against any pod security policy: []
Create a new ServiceAccount named psp-sa in the namespace default.
$ cat clusterrole-use-privileged.yaml
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
name: use-privileged-psp
rules:
- apiGroups: ['policy']
resources: ['podsecuritypolicies']
verbs: ['use']
resourceNames:
- default-psp
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
name: privileged-role-bind
namespace: psp-test
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: use-privileged-psp
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: privileged-sa
Linux Foundation CKS : Practice Test
50
$ kubectl -n psp-test apply -f clusterrole-use-privileged.yaml
After a few moments, the privileged Pod should be created.
Create a new ClusterRole named prevent-role, which uses the newly created Pod
Security Policy prevent-privileged-policy.
apiVersion: policy/v1beta1
kind: PodSecurityPolicy
metadata:
name: example
spec:
privileged: false # Don't allow privileged pods!
# The rest fills in some required fields.
seLinux:
rule: RunAsAny
supplementalGroups:
rule: RunAsAny
runAsUser:
rule: RunAsAny
fsGroup:
rule: RunAsAny
volumes:
- '*'
And create it with kubectl:
kubectl-admin create -f example-psp.yaml
Now, as the unprivileged user, try to create a simple pod:
kubectl-user create -f- <<EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: pause
spec:
containers:
- name: pause
image: k8s.gcr.io/pause
EOF
The output is similar to this:
Error from server (Forbidden): error when creating "STDIN": pods "pause" is forbidden:
unable to validate against any pod security policy: []
Create a new ClusterRoleBinding named prevent-role-binding, which binds the
created ClusterRole prevent-role to the created SA psp-sa.
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
# This role binding allows "jane" to read pods in the "default" namespace.
# You need to already have a Role named "pod-reader" in that namespace.
kind: RoleBinding
Linux Foundation CKS : Practice Test
51
metadata:
name: read-pods
namespace: default
subjects:
# You can specify more than one "subject"
- kind: User
name: jane # "name" is case sensitive
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
roleRef:
# "roleRef" specifies the binding to a Role / ClusterRole
kind: Role #this must be Role or ClusterRole
name: pod-reader # this must match the name of the Role or ClusterRole you wish to bind
to
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
namespace: default
name: pod-reader
rules:
- apiGroups: [""] # "" indicates the core API group
resources: ["pods"]
verbs: ["get", "watch", "list"] 
Question #3

a. Retrieve the content of the existing secret named default-token-xxxxx in the testing namespace. Store the value of the token in the token.txt b. Create a new secret named test-db-secret in the DB namespace with the following content: username: mysql password: password@123 Create the Pod name test-db-pod of image nginx in the namespace db that can access test-db-secret via a volume at path /etc/mysql-credentials

Answer: See the explanation below: Explanation: To add a Kubernetes cluster to your project, group, or instance: Navigate to your: Click Add Kubernetes cluster. Click the Add existing cluster tab and fill in the details: Get the API URL by running this command: kubectl cluster-info | grep -E 'Kubernetes master|Kubernetes control plane' | awk '/http/ {print $NF}' uk.co.certification.simulator.questionpool.PList@113e1f90 kubectl get secret -o jsonpath="{['data']['ca\.crt']}" 
Question #4

Create a new NetworkPolicy named deny-all in the namespace testing which denies all traffic of type ingress and egress traffic

Answer: See the explanation below: Explanation: You can create a "default" isolation policy for a namespace by creating a NetworkPolicy that selects all pods but does not allow any ingress traffic to those pods. --- apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1 kind: NetworkPolicy metadata: name: default-deny-ingress spec: podSelector: {} policyTypes: - Ingress You can create a "default" egress isolation policy for a namespace by creating a NetworkPolicy that selects all pods but does not allow any egress traffic from those pods. --- apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1 kind: NetworkPolicy metadata: name: allow-all-egress spec: podSelector: {} egress: - {} policyTypes: - Egress Default deny all ingress and all egress trafficYou can create a "default" policy for a namespace which prevents all ingress AND egress traffic by creating the following NetworkPolicy in that namespace. --- Linux Foundation CKS : Practice Test 21 apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1 kind: NetworkPolicy metadata: name: default-deny-all spec: podSelector: {} policyTypes: - Ingress - Egress This ensures that even pods that aren't selected by any other NetworkPolicy will not be allowed ingress or egress traffic.
Question #5

Create a PSP that will only allow the persistentvolumeclaim as the volume type in the namespace restricted. Create a new PodSecurityPolicy named prevent-volume-policy which prevents the pods which is having different volumes mount apart from persistentvolumeclaim. Create a new ServiceAccount named psp-sa in the namespace restricted. Create a new ClusterRole named psp-role, which uses the newly created Pod Security Policy prevent-volume-policy Create a new ClusterRoleBinding named psp-role-binding, which binds the created ClusterRole psp-role to the created SA psp-sa. Hint: Also, Check the Configuration is working or not by trying to Mount a Secret in the pod maifest, it should get failed. POD Manifest: apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: name: spec: containers: - name: image: volumeMounts: - name: mountPath: volumes: - name: secret: secretName: 

Answer: See the Explanation below: Explanation: apiVersion: policy/v1beta1 kind: PodSecurityPolicy Question No : 9 CORRECT TEXT Linux Foundation CKS : Practice Test 16 metadata: name: restricted annotations: seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: 'docker/default,runtime/default' apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: 'runtime/default' seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: 'runtime/default' apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: 'runtime/default' spec: privileged: false # Required to prevent escalations to root. allowPrivilegeEscalation: false # This is redundant with non-root + disallow privilege escalation, # but we can provide it for defense in depth. requiredDropCapabilities: - ALL # Allow core volume types. volumes: - 'configMap' - 'emptyDir' - 'projected' - 'secret' - 'downwardAPI' # Assume that persistentVolumes set up by the cluster admin are safe to use. - 'persistentVolumeClaim' hostNetwork: false hostIPC: false hostPID: false runAsUser: # Require the container to run without root privileges. rule: 'MustRunAsNonRoot' seLinux: # This policy assumes the nodes are using AppArmor rather than SELinux. rule: 'RunAsAny' supplementalGroups: rule: 'MustRunAs' ranges: # Forbid adding the root group. - min: 1 max: 65535 Linux Foundation CKS : Practice Test 17 fsGroup: rule: 'MustRunAs' ranges: # Forbid adding the root group. - min: 1 max: 65535 readOnlyRootFilesystem: false
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