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Linux-Foundation CKAD Practice Test Questions ( Updated) – Real Exam Questions & Dumps PDF

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Linux-Foundation CKAD Sample Questions – Free Practice Test & Real Exam Prep

Question #1

Context You must connect to the correct host . Failure to do so may result in a zero score. [candidate@base] $ ssh ckad00043 A Deployment needs specific RBAC permissions. Task First, find the RBAC permissions needed by the scraper Deployment running in the cute-panda namespace . it kubectl logs may help you to find the permissions it needs. Next, create a new ServiceAccount named scraper in the namespace cute-panda.

Answer: See the Explanation below for complete solution.

Explanation:

ssh ckad00043

You have two deliverables here:

Figure out what RBAC permissions the scraper Deployment needs (the logs will

usually show “Forbidden” with the missing verb/resource).

Create a ServiceAccount named scraper in namespace cute-panda (and in

practice, you then bind the needed permissions to it and use it in the Deployment

so it actually works).

Below is the exact CKAD-style workflow.

1) Find the missing RBAC permissions (use logs + events)

1.1 Identify the pods for the Deployment

kubectl -n cute-panda get deploy scraper

kubectl -n cute-panda get pods -l app=scraper 2>/dev/null || kubectl -n cute-panda get pods

Pick one pod name and check logs:

kubectl -n cute-panda logs deploy/scraper --tail=100

If the pod is crashlooping and logs are short:

POD=$(kubectl -n cute-panda get pods -o jsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}')

kubectl -n cute-panda logs "$POD" --previous --tail=200

1.2 Look specifically for “Forbidden” lines

Most apps print errors like:

... is forbidden: User "system:serviceaccount:cute-panda:default" cannot list

resource "pods" in API group "" in the namespace "cute-panda"

or cannot get resource "configmaps"...

or cannot watch ...

If you don’t see it in logs, check events:

kubectl -n cute-panda get events --sort-by=.lastTimestamp | tail -n 30

1.3 Extract verb/resource/apiGroup from the error

From a typical Kubernetes RBAC “forbidden” message, capture:

verb: get/list/watch/create/update/patch/delete

resource: pods, configmaps, secrets, deployments, etc.

apiGroup: "" (core), apps, batch, etc.

namespace: cute-panda (this is a namespaced permission if it’s a Role)

You may have multiple “cannot …” lines you need to allow all of them.

2) Create the ServiceAccount scraper (required by the task)

kubectl -n cute-panda create serviceaccount scraper

kubectl -n cute-panda get sa scraper

3) Create the RBAC objects to grant the needed permissions

The task says “A Deployment needs specific RBAC permissions” — in CKAD, that usually

means: Role + RoleBinding (namespaced) bound to your new ServiceAccount.

3.1 Create a Role (template you fill from the log output)

Create scraper-role.yaml:

cat <<'EOF' > scraper-role.yaml

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1

kind: Role

metadata:

namespace: cute-panda

rules:

# EXAMPLE ONLY: replace these rules with what your logs show

- apiGroups: [""]

resources: ["pods"]

verbs: ["get","list","watch"]

EOF

Apply it:

kubectl apply -f scraper-role.yaml

3.2 Bind the Role to the ServiceAccount

kubectl -n cute-panda create rolebinding scraper-rb \

--role=scraper-role \

--serviceaccount=cute-panda:scraper

Verify:

kubectl -n cute-panda get role scraper-role

kubectl -n cute-panda get rolebinding scraper-rb -o yaml

4) Update the Deployment to use the new ServiceAccount (so it actually works)

Check current SA (likely default):

kubectl -n cute-panda get deploy scraper -o

jsonpath='{.spec.template.spec.serviceAccountName}{"\n"}'

Patch it to use scraper:

kubectl -n cute-panda patch deploy scraper -p

'{"spec":{"template":{"spec":{"serviceAccountName":"scraper"}}}}'

Rollout:

kubectl -n cute-panda rollout status deploy scraper

Re-check logs to confirm RBAC errors are gone:

kubectl -n cute-panda logs deploy/scraper --tail=100

Question #2

Context You must connect to the correct host . Failure to do so may result in a zero score. ! [candidate@base] $ ssh ckad00028 Task A Pod within the Deployment named honeybee-deployment and in namespace gorilla is logging errors. Look at the logs to identify error messages. Look at the logs to identify error messages. Find errors, including User "system:serviceaccount:gorilla:default" cannot list resource "pods" [ ... ] in the namespace "gorilla" Update the Deployment honeybee-deployment to resolve the errors in the logs of the Pod. The honeybee-deployment 's manifest file can be found at /home/candidate/prompt-escargot/honey bee-deployment.yaml

Answer: See the Explanation below for complete solution.

Explanation:

ssh ckad00028

You’re seeing RBAC errors like:

User "system:serviceaccount:gorilla:default" cannot list resource "pods" … in namespace

"gorilla"

That means the Pod is running as the default ServiceAccount and needs permission to

list pods (and possibly also get/watch).

You must fix it by updating the Deployment (via its manifest file) and giving it the proper

RBAC.

1) Confirm the error in logs

kubectl -n gorilla get deploy honeybee-deployment

kubectl -n gorilla logs deploy/honeybee-deployment --tail=200

If it’s CrashLooping and you need previous logs:

POD=$(kubectl -n gorilla get pods -l app=honeybee -o

jsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}' 2>/dev/null || kubectl -n gorilla get pods -o

jsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}')

kubectl -n gorilla logs "$POD" --previous --tail=200

You should see the “cannot list resource pods” line.

2) Create a dedicated ServiceAccount for the app

(Using a dedicated SA is standard practice; the task wants you to “resolve the errors”.)

kubectl -n gorilla create serviceaccount honeybee-sa

kubectl -n gorilla get sa honeybee-sa

3) Create RBAC: Role + RoleBinding (namespaced)

This will allow listing pods in namespace gorilla.

cat <<'EOF' > honeybee-rbac.yaml

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1

kind: Role

metadata:

namespace: gorilla

rules:

- apiGroups: [""]

resources: ["pods"]

verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1

kind: RoleBinding

metadata:

namespace: gorilla

subjects:

- kind: ServiceAccount

namespace: gorilla

roleRef:

apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io

kind: Role

EOF

Apply it:

kubectl apply -f honeybee-rbac.yaml

Quick verification (optional but very useful):

kubectl auth can-i list pods -n gorilla --as=system:serviceaccount:gorilla:honeybee-sa

Should return yes.

4) Update the Deployment manifest to use the new ServiceAccount

The manifest is at:

/home/candidate/prompt-escargot/honey bee-deployment.yaml

Because there’s a space in the filename, quote it.

4.1 Edit the file

cd /home/candidate/prompt-escargot

ls -l

vi "honey bee-deployment.yaml"

In the Deployment YAML, add (or set) this under:

spec.template.spec:

serviceAccountName: honeybee-sa

Example location:

spec:

template:

spec:

serviceAccountName: honeybee-sa

containers:

- name: ...

Save and exit.

4.2 Apply the updated manifest

kubectl apply -f "/home/candidate/prompt-escargot/honey bee-deployment.yaml"

5) Ensure rollout succeeds and errors are gone

kubectl -n gorilla rollout status deploy honeybee-deployment

kubectl -n gorilla logs deploy/honeybee-deployment --tail=200

Also confirm the pods now run with the right ServiceAccount:

kubectl -n gorilla get pods -o jsonpath='{range .items[*]}{.metadata.name}{"

sa="}{.spec.serviceAccountName}{"\n"}{end}'

You should no longer see the RBAC “cannot list pods” errors.

Question #3

You must connect to the correct host . Failure to do so may result in a zero score. [candidate@base] $ ssh ckad00034c Task A Deployment named content-marlin-deployment , running in namespace content-marlin is exposed via Ingress content-marlin-ingress . The manifest files for the Deployment, Service and Ingress can be found at /home/candidate/content-marlin/. The Deployment is supposed to be reachable at http://content-marlin.local/content-marlin , but requesting this URL is currently returning an error.

Answer: See the Explanation below for complete solution.

Explanation:

ssh ckad00034c

You’re debugging an Ingress Service Deployment chain. The fastest way is:

reproduce the error with the right Host header

check Ingress rules (host/path/backend)

check Service (selector/port/targetPort)

check Endpoints (do we have ready pods?)

fix the manifest(s) under /home/candidate/content-marlin/

apply + re-test

Below are the exact commands + the most common fixes for this exact symptom.

1) Reproduce the failing request correctly

Even if DNS isn’t set up, you can test with a Host header:

curl -i -H "Host: content-marlin.local" http://127.0.0.1/content-marlin

If your ingress controller is not on localhost, find the NodePort/LoadBalancer IP. In these

labs it’s often localhost via a local proxy, but if needed:

kubectl get svc -A | egrep -i 'ingress|nginx'

kubectl get nodes -o wide

(But start with the localhost curl above.)

2) Inspect the provided manifests (this is what you must edit)

cd /home/candidate/content-marlin/

ls -l

sed -n '1,200p' *.yaml

Also view what’s currently live in the cluster:

kubectl -n content-marlin get deploy,svc,ingress

kubectl -n content-marlin describe ingress content-marlin-ingress

kubectl -n content-marlin get ingress content-marlin-ingress -o yaml

What to look for in the Ingress:

spec.rules.host should be content-marlin.local

spec.rules.http.paths[].path should match /content-marlin

Backend service name must be your service

Backend service port must match the service port (name or number)

pathType should be Prefix (usually safest)

3) Validate Service Pod wiring (most common real cause)

3.1 Check service selector and ports

kubectl -n content-marlin get svc -o wide

kubectl -n content-marlin describe svc content-marlin-deployment 2>/dev/null || true

kubectl -n content-marlin describe svc

Identify the service that the Ingress points to (from describe ingress).

Check if the Service selector matches pod labels:

kubectl -n content-marlin get pods --show-labels

kubectl -n content-marlin get svc <SERVICE_NAME> -o jsonpath='{.spec.selector}{"\n"}'

3.2 Check endpoints (this tells you instantly if traffic can reach pods)

kubectl -n content-marlin get endpoints

kubectl -n content-marlin get endpoints <SERVICE_NAME> -o wide

If ENDPOINTS is empty Service selector doesn’t match Pods OR Pods aren’t

Ready.

3.3 If endpoints empty, check pod readiness and labels

kubectl -n content-marlin get pods -o wide

kubectl -n content-marlin describe pod <pod-name>

4) Apply the most likely fix patterns

Fix pattern A: Ingress path needs rewrite

If your app serves / but you route /content-marlin, you often need rewrite.

Edit content-marlin-ingress manifest (in /home/candidate/content-marlin/) to include:

path: /content-marlin

pathType: Prefix

annotation: rewrite to / (common for nginx ingress)

Example (typical nginx-ingress):

metadata:

annotations:

nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: /

spec:

rules:

- host: content-marlin.local

http:

paths:

- path: /content-marlin

pathType: Prefix

backend:

service:

port:

number: 80

If your ingress controller is not nginx, rewrite annotation may differ. But in CKAD labs, it’s

very often nginx.

Fix pattern B: Ingress points to wrong Service port

If the Ingress backend says port 80 but your Service exposes 8080 (or uses a named port),

align them:

Either change Ingress backend port.number

Or change Service spec.ports[].port / targetPort

Fix pattern C: Service selector mismatch (endpoints empty)

If pods have label app=content-marlin but service selector is app=content-marlindeployment (or vice versa), fix the Service selector to match pod labels.

Service should have:

spec:

selector:

app: <label-that-actually-exists-on-pods>

Fix pattern D: Service targetPort wrong

If container listens on 8080 but service targetPort is 80, fix it:

spec:

ports:

- port: 80

targetPort: 8080

5) Apply the corrected manifests

After editing the YAMLs under /home/candidate/content-marlin/:

kubectl apply -f /home/candidate/content-marlin/

Wait for readiness:

kubectl -n content-marlin rollout status deploy content-marlin-deployment

kubectl -n content-marlin get endpoints

kubectl -n content-marlin describe ingress content-marlin-ingress

6) Re-test the URL

curl -i -H "Host: content-marlin.local" http://127.0.0.1/content-marlin

If you still get errors, also check ingress controller logs/events quickly:

kubectl -n content-marlin get events --sort-by=.lastTimestamp | tail -n 30

kubectl get pods -A | egrep -i 'ingress|nginx'

The fastest way for you to finish in 1 shot

Run these and paste the output (I’ll tell you exactly which line to change and what to

change it to):

kubectl -n content-marlin describe ingress content-marlin-ingress

kubectl -n content-marlin get svc -o wide

kubectl -n content-marlin get endpoints -o wide

kubectl -n content-marlin get pods --show-labels

sed -n '1,200p' /home/candidate/content-marlin/*.yaml

But even without pasting, if you follow steps 2–4 above, you’ll find the broken link (Ingress

rule, Service port, selector, or rewrite) and fix it cleanly.

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